Journal: Journal of Biomedical Science

Article Title: Hypoxia and therapeutic treatment of EV-A71 with an immune modulator TLR7 agonist in a new immunocompetent mouse model

doi: 10.1186/s12929-019-0585-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: A “white-jade” muscle phenotype in EV-A71-infected mouse strain 129. a Left panel : We coined a “white-jade” phenotype to describe the pathological changes in the color of the hindlimb muscle in EV-A71-infected mice (indicated by arrow). This phenotype showed characteristic muscle with locally whitened color in appearance and hardened tissue mass. In the saline control, tendons (not muscle) can be seen in white color. Right panel : An anatomical sketch of the hindlimb muscle. GM: gluteal muscle, QF: quadratus femoris muscle, BF: Biceps femoris muscle. b Both VP1 protein (upper) and myogenin protein (lower) were detected by IHC staining in the muscles, indicating EV-A71 infection, muscle injury and regeneration. The magnification is 200X. c Striking expression of HIF1A (hypoxia inducible factor 1-α) protein (brown color) was detected by IHC staining in the white-jaded tissue, but not in the non-white-jaded tissue from the same mouse. d Specific association between HIF1A expression and white-jaded muscle

Article Snippet: Slides were washed with PBS containing 0.1% Tween 20 (PBST), followed by incubation with specific antibodies, including rabbit anti-VP1 polyclonal antibody (PB7631, Abnova, Taiwan), rabbit anti-HIF1A polyclonal antibody (NB100–479, Novus), rabbit anti-VEGFA polyclonal antibody (ab46154, Abcam), rabbit anti-myogenin monoclonal antibody (GTX 63352, Genetex, Taiwan), as well as antibodies specific for the immune system, CD3 (MA1–90582, Thermo), CD19 (PAB19567, Abnova), CD68 (ab955, Abcam), and CD163 (bs-2527, Bioss), respectively.

Techniques: Infection, Saline, Control, Immunohistochemistry, Muscles, Expressing

Journal: Journal of Biomedical Science

Article Title: Hypoxia and therapeutic treatment of EV-A71 with an immune modulator TLR7 agonist in a new immunocompetent mouse model

doi: 10.1186/s12929-019-0585-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hypoxia in EV-A71-infected muscle was rescued by timely treatment with IFNαA. a A schematic diagram of mouse IFNαA treatment after EV-A71 infection. Six different experimental groups of mice received mIFNαA (300 IU/g of mouse) at different dpi and frequencies of treatments. Therapeutic efficacies were assayed by survival rates. In some cases, infected and treated mice ( n = 12) were monitored for up to 1.5 years. b Clinical scores were significantly reduced only in Exp. I (green) and Exp. II (red), when treated at dpi 1, or dpi 1, 2, 3. c Survival rates of Exp. I (green) (100%) and Exp. II (red) (88%) were significantly higher than that of the control group with no IFNαA treatment. d No VP1-positive signal was detected in the muscle by IHC at 25 dpi and 41 dpi in mice recovered from IFNαA treatment in Exp. 1. e The myogenin protein (black arrowhead) was expressed in recovered muscle via IHC staining, indicating muscle regeneration after injury. f HIF1A and VEGFA proteins were both expressed in newly recovered muscle (dpi = 25), but not in the fully recovered muscle (dpi = 41)

Article Snippet: Slides were washed with PBS containing 0.1% Tween 20 (PBST), followed by incubation with specific antibodies, including rabbit anti-VP1 polyclonal antibody (PB7631, Abnova, Taiwan), rabbit anti-HIF1A polyclonal antibody (NB100–479, Novus), rabbit anti-VEGFA polyclonal antibody (ab46154, Abcam), rabbit anti-myogenin monoclonal antibody (GTX 63352, Genetex, Taiwan), as well as antibodies specific for the immune system, CD3 (MA1–90582, Thermo), CD19 (PAB19567, Abnova), CD68 (ab955, Abcam), and CD163 (bs-2527, Bioss), respectively.

Techniques: Infection, Control, Immunohistochemistry